아비뇽 유수, 교황청이 로마를 떠나다
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1309년, 교황청이 로마를 떠나 프랑스 남부의 아비뇽으로 옮겨가면서 약 70년에 걸친 아비뇽 교황청 시대가 시작되었습니다. 이 시기 교황권은 프랑스 왕권의 강한 영향 아래 있다는 비판을 받았고, 교황청의 권위에도 큰 타격을 입었습니다. 1377년 교황 그레고리오 11세가 로마로 돌아오면서 아비뇽 시대는 끝났지만 이후 서방 교회의 분열로 이어지는 배경이 되었습니다.
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